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More Info. Prostitutes Damme participants were women aged 18 years and older who reported trading sex for money, drugs, or shelter in the previous 3 months. Has registration papers.

She has battled stigma and social exclusion, Prostitutes Damme consistently campaigning for Prostitutes Damme rights and recognition for those working in the sex industry — seeking to make it safer. Most of all we wanted to change the law. And her fight to decriminalise sex work was finally won inwhen the Prostitution Reform Act was passed in by just a single vote, reported the Guardian Prostitutes Damme, in a landmark moment for sex workers.

I did not ever think this was a possibility. This year is the first year in which more women than men were recognised on the honours list.

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It all starts with becoming a Global Citizen. Email Address. Sign up for emails optional : Sign up to hear from Global Prostitutes Damme and learn more about our campaign to end Prostitutes Damme poverty, our events, and the issues you care about. Sign up Sign in with Facebook Sign in with Apple or. Rerequest with Facebook.

This account has been deactivated. Sign up Sign in. News Demand Equity. Share Tweet Share. By Imogen Calderwood. June 4, Sign Now:. More Info. What to Know. Use of a non-barrier method was associated with having at least one regular non-paying partner and involvement in sex work for at least 4 years. By contrast, non-barrier methods were significantly less common among FSWs who had worked with a pimp or momka, and among those experiencing client violence.

These findings, coupled with the low levels of Prostitutes Damme condom use in the present sample, indicate a substantial risk of unintended pregnancy in the sample of FSWs with a self-reported need to avoid pregnancy.

Together, these findings demonstrate significant unmet contraceptive needs among FSWs in Russia, against the backdrop of prevalent unintended pregnancy Prostitutes Damme abortion in the general population in this setting [ 1516 ]. Although almost all FSWs indicated using contraception, both effective and ineffective methods were used.

Current estimates Prostitutes Damme contraceptive Prostitutes Damme are similar to those found among other Eastern European FSWs in Uzbekistan [ 14 ], but differ from Prostitutes Damme in high-income countries such as Canada [ 6 ]. The present findings advance a growing body of evidence demonstrating prevalent Prostitutes Damme pregnancy and abortion among FSWs [ 5 — 1114 ] by describing factors associated with non-barrier contraceptive use.

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Consistent with past research [ Prostitutes Damme ], consistent condom users Prostitutes Damme less likely to use a non-barrier contraceptive method in the present study. Although having a non-paying partner was associated Prostitutes Damme use of non-barrier contraceptive methods, consistent condom use with non-paying partners is often low among FSWs [ 71224 ]. Simultaneous promotion of both barrier e. Almost half of respondents in the Prostitutes Damme study who had recently accessed GLOBUS HIV services had talked to an outreach worker or clinician about pregnancy prevention, with Prostitutes Damme reporting satisfaction with these services.

Thus, incorporating contraception education and access into existing HIV prevention programs could be a strategy to respond to these unmet contraceptive needs. Specifically, training existing HIV outreach workers targeting FSWs in family planning and expanding their linked programs to include these services could be effective and cost-efficient methods to reach these goals.

Women who Prostitutes Damme been involved in sex work for longer were found to be more likely to use a non-barrier method than were those who had been involved for a shorter time in the present age-adjusted model.

Past research [ 6 Prostitutes Damme, 912 ] has found older age to be a predictor of non-barrier contraception use.

Working in the sex work environment for a long period could allow women to become more knowledgeable about their own Prostitutes Damme needs as well as how and where to access pregnancy prevention Prostitutes Damme. FSWs working with pimps or momkas could have reduced access to family planning services via isolation and limited agency to enact protective behaviors. The health impact of not using non-barrier methods could be further exacerbated by sexual violence and forced or coerced condom non-use [ 20 ].

Effective and long-term female-controlled forms of Prostitutes Damme are important harm reduction strategies for FSWs, particularly those exposed to violence [ 25 ]. For example, the Prostitutes Damme and hormonal methods can be used clandestinely and without the need for frequent follow-up care at health facilities.

Reaching FSWs for contraceptive counseling and raising awareness about highly effective methods remains a priority. Integration of family planning within HIV outreach and education is one Prostitutes Damme to accomplish this goal.

The present findings demonstrate that ensuring safe, Prostitutes Damme access to family planning should be among the priorities for promoting the health and well-being of FSWs. The present findings should be considered in light of several limitations. The cross-sectional design limits the ability to make temporal inferences. Despite inclusion of three diverse cities in Russia, generalizability to FSWs in other areas of Russia and beyond Russia is unclear. Finally, the eligibility criteria excluded women younger than 18 years, limiting the generalizability of findings to minors.

In conclusion, the present findings confirm that Prostitutes Damme are a high-risk group for unmet contraceptive needs and subsequent poor reproductive health outcomes, given that only a small proportion is using a non-barrier form of contraception. Resolving this unmet need requires the promotion of effective, female-controlled contraception via safe, easily accessible, and Prostitutes Damme reproductive health services for FSWs. Although international guidance affirms Prostitutes Damme need for access to reproductive health services for FSWs [ 17 ], previous work with this population in Russia and elsewhere typically focuses on HIV risk and drug use.

The present findings have highlighted the need to expand the scope of health services for FSWs to include family planning. Female sex Prostitutes Damme in Russia have substantial unmet reproductive health needs, with only one-third using non-barrier contraception and few using condoms consistently.

Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review Prostitutes Damme the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and Prostitutes Damme legal Prostitutes Damme that apply to the journal pertain.

Int J Gynaecol Obstet.

Author manuscript; available in PMC Nov 1. Caitlin E. Martina Andrea L. Prostitutes Damme L. Michele R. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Copyright notice.

Founding member of the NZ Prostitute's Collective, Catherine Healy, created Dame Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to. Mak R, Traen A, Claeyssens M, Van Renterghem L, Leroux-Roels G, Van Damme P (). Hepatitis B vaccination for sex workers: do outreach programmes perform.

The publisher's final edited version of this article is available Prostitutes Damme Int J Gynaecol Obstet. See other articles in PMC that cite the published article. Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence of, and factors associated with, use of non-barrier contraception intrauterine Prostitutes Damme, hormonal contraceptives, and female sterilization among female sex workers FSWs in three Russian cities.

Contraceptive use among female sex workers in three Russian cities

Methods A Prostitutes Damme analysis of data from a cross-sectional Prostitutes Damme of FSWs aged 18 years and older from Kazan, Krasnoyarsk, and Tomsk was undertaken. Results Use of non-barrier contraceptives was reported by Conclusion Only one-third reported use of non-barrier contraception, suggesting substantial unmet contraceptive Prostitutes Damme. Keywords: Contraception, Female sex workers, Russia.

Introduction Globally, female sex workers FSWs are at increased risk of HIV [ 1 ], and research on this population focuses heavily on infectious disease [ 1 — 4 ].

Results Contraceptive use was common among the participants Table 1. Method No. Open in a separate window. No Secondary Below minimum or just able to meet basic Prostitutes Damme Yes Prostitutes Damme Yes 75 Non-street venue Yes 69 9. Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Discussion In the present sample Prostitutes Damme FSWs with a current contraceptive need, only one-third were using a non-barrier contraceptive method. Footnotes Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that Prostitutes Damme been accepted for publication.

Conflict of interest The authors have no conflicts of interest. References 1. Burden of HIV among female sex workers in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

See other articles in PMC that cite the published article.

Lancet Infect Dis. Sex Prostitutes Damme Infect. The social organization of commercial sex work in Moscow, Russia. Sex Transm Dis. AIDS Behav. Unmet need for contraception among sex workers in Madagascar.

High lifetime pregnancy and low contraceptive usage among sex workers who use drugs—an unmet reproductive health need. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. Contraceptive practices, sexual and reproductive health needs of HIV-positive and negative female Prostitutes Damme workers in Goa, India.

Falling through the cracks: contraceptive needs of female sex workers in Cambodia and Laos. Prevalence of lifetime abortion and methods of contraception among female Prostitutes Damme workers in Bogota, Colombia.

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Prevalence of induced abortion and associated factors among Chinese female sex workers in Hong Kong. J Sex Marital Ther.

Induced abortion, contraceptive use, and dual protection among female sex workers in Moscow, Russia. Int J Gynecol Obstet. Pregnancy Prostitutes Damme sex workers participating in a condom intervention Prostitutes Damme highlights the need for dual protection.

The ecology of sex work Prostitutes Damme drug use in Saratov Oblast, Russia. Utilization of contraception and abortion and its relationship to Prostitutes Damme infection among female sex workers in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Published September Published Updated Trussell J, Wynn LL. Reducing unintended pregnancy in the United States.

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Yes Yes 69 9. Although having a non-paying partner was associated with use of non-barrier contraceptive methods, consistent condom use with non-paying partners is often low among FSWs [ 7 , 12 , 24 ].

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